Pennsylvania Timber Prices Q4 2025: Current Data and Market Outlook
Pennsylvania’s timber market enters the final quarter of 2025 with cautious stability following a challenging year. The most recent official pricing data from Q2 2025 shows mixed movements across species and regions, with white oak commanding premium prices statewide while black cherry experiences downward pressure. The broader market faces persistent headwinds from housing affordability challenges and elevated interest rates, though recent Federal Reserve rate cuts signal potential improvement ahead. Environmental pressures including widespread spotted lanternfly infestations and recovering drought conditions add complexity to the market landscape.
What’s new: Q2 2025 stumpage prices show white oak leading at $495-$720 per thousand board feet (MBF) across Pennsylvania’s four regions, while traditionally premium black cherry declined to $250-$409/MBF in most areas. Northeast Pennsylvania maintains the strongest overall market with northern red oak reaching $703/MBF. Year-over-year comparisons reveal northeast prices down 20-30% from 2024 levels, though southeast markets show slight gains. Why it matters: These price shifts reflect changing domestic and export demand patterns, with high-quality timber continuing to attract competitive bidding while volume species face softer markets. The backstory: Pennsylvania’s 16.6 million acres of hardwood forest—the nation’s largest—generates $21.8 billion in direct economic impact annually, but the industry faces workforce shortages, aging forest structure, and evolving pest pressures that will shape long-term market dynamics.
Important Note on Q4 2025 Data availability
Q4 2025 pricing data does not yet exist. Pennsylvania is currently in Q4 2025 (October-December), and official Pennsylvania timber price reports are published approximately 4-6 weeks after each quarter ends. The most recent comprehensive data available is from Q2 2025 (April-June 2025), published by Penn State Extension Timber Market Report. Q3 2025 data (July-September) has also not been released as of late October. This blog post uses Q2 2025 as the primary data source, supplemented with Q1 2025 and Q4 2024 for trend analysis. Actual Q4 2025 data will be available in January 2026.
Current Pennsylvania Timber Prices
The table below presents Q2 2025 stumpage prices—what landowners receive for standing timber before harvest and transportation costs. Prices are reported in dollars per thousand board feet ($/MBF) using the International 1/4″ log rule, Pennsylvania’s standard measurement.
Hardwood Sawtimber Stumpage Prices (Q2 2025)
| Species | Northeast PA | Southeast PA | Northwest PA | Southwest PA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White Oak | $495 ($348-$642) | $720 ($525-$916) | $597 ($440-$754) | $656 ($373-$938) |
| Northern Red Oak | $392 ($269-$515) | $703 ($416-$989) | $332 ($204-$460) | $478 ($261-$695) |
| Mixed Oak | $295 ($217-$373) | $532 ($284-$780) | $251 ($129-$373) | $390 ($165-$614) |
| Black Cherry | $409 ($247-$571) | $400 ($366-$433)* | $294 ($174-$414) | $250 ($168-$331) |
| Hard Maple | $333 ($193-$472) | $777 ($81-$1,473)* | $368 ($272-$463) | $387 ($145-$630) |
| Soft Maple | $189 ($128-$250) | $273 ($132-$413) | $283 ($188-$379) | $269 ($182-$355) |
| Yellow Poplar | $168 ($22-$315)* | $489 ($363-$615) | $178 ($78-$279) | $215 ($109-$321) |
| White Ash | No sales | No sales | $150 ($63-$237)* | $86* |
| Misc. Hardwoods | $77 ($41-$113) | $242 ($143-$341) | $78 ($31-$124) | $189 ($48-$330) |
*Limited sample size (fewer than 5 responses) affects reliability
Softwood and Pulpwood Prices (Q2 2025)
| Product Type | Price Range |
|---|---|
| White Pine Sawtimber | $42-$139/MBF (varies by region, limited data) |
| Hemlock Sawtimber | $25-$113/MBF (varies by region, limited data) |
| Hardwood Pulpwood | $0.67-$2.96/ton average (private land) |
| Softwood Pulpwood | $3.78/ton average (Northwest PA, private land) |
| Bureau of Forestry Hardwood Pulpwood | $2.47-$3.77/ton (public timber sales) |
Pennsylvania’s softwood markets remain limited compared to the state’s dominant hardwood resource. Pulpwood prices reflect lower-grade material used primarily for paper production, though that industry continues its multi-decade decline.
How to Estimate What Your Timber Is Worth
These stumpage prices give you the market rates per unit of timber in your area, but they’re not particularly useful on their own—you need to know how much wood you actually have standing on your land.
The most accurate way to determine your timber volume is to hire a professional forester to conduct a timber cruise, which involves systematically measuring sample plots across your property. This can cost $1,000 or more depending on your acreage and timber complexity.
For a quicker, DIY estimate, you can use SilviCultural—forestry mapping software designed for small woodland owners. It includes an amateur-friendly cruise system that walks you through measuring your timber and calculating volumes by species and product class.
Once you have volume estimates (in MBF, cords, tons, etc.), you can multiply them by the stumpage prices above to get a rough sense of your timber’s market value. For example:
- 50 MBF of pine sawlogs × $400/MBF = $20,000
- 100 cords of mixed hardwood pulpwood × $15/cord = $1,500
Keep in mind: Actual sale prices vary based on access, timber quality, market timing, and logger availability. These calculations give you a ballpark figure—always consult with a forester before making harvest decisions.
The Forest Industry Is Collapsing
More mills close each week as housing becomes unaffordable and construction stalls. But this is more than a cyclical downturn. This is the beginning of a long-term decline from which the industry will never recover. My new book Empty Homes & Silent Saws documents the carnage and offers the solution.
Regional Price Patterns Reveal Market Dynamics
Southeast Pennsylvania commands premium prices across most hardwood species, with white oak reaching $720/MBF and hard maple at $777/MBF in Q2 2025. This region benefits from proximity to major population centers, strong demand for quality hardwoods, and well-established markets for furniture, flooring, and millwork. Northeast Pennsylvania follows closely with northern red oak at $703/MBF and consistently strong prices for premium species, reflecting the region’s reputation for high-quality timber from northern climates and mountainous terrain that produces tighter growth rings and more stable lumber.
Northwest Pennsylvania—traditionally known as the “Black Cherry Capital of the World” with 30% of the nation’s cherry volume—shows concerning trends for this signature species. Cherry prices fell to $294/MBF in Q2 2025, down from $342/MBF in Q1 and $428/MBF in Q4 2024. This decline reflects shifting furniture design preferences domestically and trade war impacts on export markets that once absorbed nearly half of Pennsylvania’s high-quality cherry production. Meanwhile, Southwest Pennsylvania shows moderate pricing across species, with mixed oak at $390/MBF and generally lower values than northern regions.
Quarter-to-quarter analysis from Q1 to Q2 2025 reveals oak prices increased slightly in southern Pennsylvania while decreasing in northern regions. Cherry prices fell across all regions except the southeast. Hard maple declined in northeast and southwest areas but stabilized in the northwest. These localized patterns underscore how Pennsylvania timber markets respond to highly specific factors including individual tract quality, local buyer competition, accessibility, and mill capacity—meaning actual sale prices may differ significantly from regional averages.
Market Conditions Shaping Late 2025 Pricing
Housing Market Constraints Dampen Demand
Pennsylvania faces an estimated 267,000-unit shortage of affordable housing, yet construction rates remain among the nation’s lowest—the state ranked 44th among 50 states for housing built between 2017 and 2023 with only 3.4% growth. This housing crisis paradoxically constrains timber demand because limited new construction means reduced consumption of hardwood flooring, cabinets, trim, and framing lumber. Average rent climbed 46% from 2017 to 2023, reaching $1,476, while 53% of Pennsylvania renters now spend more than 30% of income on housing.
Governor Shapiro’s initiatives provide some optimism. The Pennsylvania Housing Affordability and Rehabilitation Enhancement (PHARE) Fund expanded from $60 million toward a $100 million target by 2027, with $73 million allocated to 387 housing initiatives across all 67 counties in fiscal 2024-25. Additionally, $66.5 million in Low-Income Housing Tax Credits were awarded in October 2025 for over 1,900 multifamily units. These programs may gradually stimulate construction activity and timber demand, though impacts typically lag policy changes by months or years.
Interest Rate Environment Shows Early Improvement
The Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut of 2025 in September, reducing rates to the 4.00-4.25% range from 4.25-4.50%. Chair Powell characterized this as “risk management” with two additional cuts anticipated before year-end. Mortgage rates averaged 6.35% for 30-year fixed loans in late 2025—down from recent peaks but still elevated compared to the sub-3% rates of 2020-2021. This creates a persistent “lock-in effect” where existing homeowners with low mortgage rates remain reluctant to sell, further constraining housing inventory and new construction.
Lower rates benefit builders through cheaper acquisition, development, and construction (AD&C) loans, potentially stimulating activity in 2026. However, the Fed projects inflation won’t reach its 2% target until 2028, suggesting sustained caution on rate reductions. For timber markets, the implication is gradual rather than rapid demand improvement, with high-quality timber likely benefiting first as premium home construction responds more quickly to improved financing conditions.
Mill Activity Reflects Industry Challenges
The closure of Patterson Lumber in Galeton in March 2025 marked the end of a 104-year, fourth-generation family operation employing approximately 65 workers. This loss removes sawmill capacity in north-central Pennsylvania’s premium hardwood region. Conversely, The Mill in Wilkinsburg opened in October 2025 as an innovative urban wood recycling operation, processing fallen city trees into lumber and biochar—though at 5,200 board feet annually, its impact on overall supply is negligible compared to Pennsylvania’s 1.0-1.3 billion board feet annual harvest.
These contrasting developments illustrate broader industry dynamics: traditional rural sawmills face workforce shortages, high insurance costs, and uncertain markets while niche operations pursue sustainability and urban forestry angles. Pennsylvania maintains numerous family-owned mills, but the Patterson closure highlights succession challenges and competitive pressures affecting the sector.
Pest Pressures Demand Management Attention
Spotted lanternfly continues its inexorable spread across Pennsylvania, with four additional counties (Bradford, Sullivan, Venango, Wyoming) added to the quarantine in April 2025, bringing the total to 56 of 67 counties. Penn State Extension estimates potential economic losses of $324-554 million annually if the invasive planthopper isn’t contained. While spotted lanternfly primarily threatens Pennsylvania’s $1.77 billion grape and wine industry, it feeds on over 70 plant species including black walnut, maples, and other commercially valuable timber species. The pest weakens trees through sap feeding and honeydew excretion that promotes sooty mold, making stressed trees more vulnerable to drought, disease, and other pests.
The state’s response includes the PA Woodland Resilience Enhancement Network (PWREN), launched in September 2025 with $5 million in funding. This first-of-its-kind program provides reimbursements up to $25,000 per landowner for pest resistance, disease management, and climate change resilience work—directly addressing forest health concerns that affect long-term timber productivity. Meanwhile, emerald ash borer continues its devastating impact on white ash, with Q2 2025 data showing no sales reported in northeast and southeast Pennsylvania and only limited activity elsewhere. White ash markets have essentially collapsed from what was once a valuable species for furniture, flooring, and baseball bats.
Drought Recovery Improves Harvest Conditions
Pennsylvania endured its worst drought in over 20 years during summer and fall 2024, with the state Department of Environmental Protection declaring a statewide Drought Watch in June 2024. By September 2024, approximately 49% of the state experienced drought conditions with another 41% abnormally dry. These conditions persisted through winter into early spring 2025, creating access challenges for logging operations and reducing 2025 tree growth rates—trees add most annual growth in the first two months of the growing season.
The Drought Watch was lifted July 2, 2025, following improved precipitation. As of September/October 2025, conditions improved to 34-46% of the state under drought, mostly at “abnormally dry” rather than moderate or severe levels. This recovery enables better harvest access during fall 2025’s critical logging season, though early-season deficits likely reduced tree growth rates that won’t appear in timber volumes for years.
Pennsylvania Hardwood Industry Context
Pennsylvania’s 16.6 million acres of forest cover 57% of the state’s land area, representing the largest hardwood forest resource in the United States. This massive forest base—approximately 90% hardwood and 10% softwood—supports a diverse ecosystem of 740,000 private landowners, 2,800-3,000 loggers, numerous sawmills and processors, and 60,000-66,000 direct employees generating $21.8 billion in annual economic impact. The industry spreads across all 67 counties, with particularly strong concentrations in Lancaster County (5,756 jobs, including many Amish woodworking operations) and York County (3,225 jobs).
Pennsylvania leads the nation in hardwood lumber production and exports, with 2019 exports totaling $1.1 billion including $463 million in hardwood lumber. The state built an export powerhouse in the decade following the 2008 recession, with China emerging as the dominant buyer—purchasing 25-50% of Pennsylvania exports by 2017, particularly northern red oak that became extremely popular with China’s growing middle class. However, the 2018-2019 US-China trade war devastated these markets with 25% tariffs causing a 40% export decline. The industry has since diversified to Vietnam, India, UAE, European Union, and Brazil, though export volumes remain below 2017 peaks.
Quality reputation differentiates Pennsylvania hardwoods globally. The state’s northern climate with shorter growing seasons produces tighter growth rings, more stable lumber, consistent colors, and superior workability compared to faster-growing southern hardwoods. Pennsylvania black cherry is considered the highest quality in the world, while Pennsylvania white oak commands premium prices in European cooperage (barrel-making) markets. This quality reputation helps maintain price premiums even during market downturns, with buyers willing to pay extra for Pennsylvania-sourced material.
The industry operates on sustainable management principles, with net annual growth exceeding harvest by a ratio of 2.1 to 1. Forests add 1.1 billion cubic feet of growth annually while harvest removes approximately 400 million cubic feet and natural mortality accounts for another 410 million cubic feet. This positive growth-to-drain ratio demonstrates Pennsylvania forests are not being depleted, though the aging forest structure—73% of timberland is sawtimber-sized with 46% over 80 years old—raises questions about long-term regeneration and species composition shifts.
Looking Ahead to Actual Q4 2025 Data and Early 2026
When official Q4 2025 data becomes available in January 2026, market watchers should focus on several key indicators: whether oak prices maintained their relative strength, if cherry continued its decline or stabilized, how pulpwood markets responded to ongoing paper industry consolidation, and whether the drought recovery and improved harvest conditions translated into increased timber sale activity. Regional divergence will likely persist, with northeast and southeast Pennsylvania maintaining premium markets while northwest cherry country faces continued pressure.
Economic conditions entering 2026 suggest cautious optimism. Federal Reserve rate cuts should gradually improve housing construction financing, the $73 million in Pennsylvania housing program funding will stimulate projects, and improved harvest conditions support logging activity. However, persistent affordability challenges, workforce shortages throughout the timber supply chain, and ongoing pest pressures will constrain rapid market improvement.
For Pennsylvania forest landowners considering timber sales, current market conditions favor patience for owners of high-quality timber while suggesting more urgency for lower-grade material or species like ash that face uncertain futures. Consulting with professional foresters remains essential—the Penn State Extension Timber Market Report provides price benchmarks, but individual tract values depend heavily on species composition, tree quality, volume, accessibility, and local buyer competition. Given the 2.1 to 1 growth-to-harvest ratio statewide, waiting for better markets remains viable for most well-stocked stands, though tax planning, estate considerations, and specific management objectives may override purely economic timing decisions.
Pennsylvania’s timber industry enters the final months of 2025 with its fundamental strengths intact—massive sustainable forest resource, quality reputation, diverse markets, and committed workforce—while navigating persistent challenges that will shape the sector through 2026 and beyond. The actual Q4 2025 data, when published, will provide clearer indication of whether the year closed on stabilizing or continuing volatility.
